Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Test - 14

Some members of Asteraceae family and grasses produce through apomixes in which embryo develops from nucellus without fertilisation of gametes.

The seedless fruit develops without fertilisation by using some plant hormones. The fruit so formed are called parthenocarpic.

Apomixes is asexual mode of reproduction in some plants but diploid embryo is developed from the nucellus that appears like the sexually developed embryo.

Seedless fruits are formed by natural or induced method using plant hormone. These fruits are also called as parthenocarpic fruit.

Characters of an organism depends upon DNA present in the nucleus of cell. Due to mutagens (UV rays, chemicals etc.) the DNA get changed, which is called mutation.

Clones are genetically identical plants derived from common parent plant. Clones are produced asexually by cutting, layering, grafting, tissue culture etc.

Having more than one embryo in a seed is called polyembryony. The embryo may develop from division of embryo during development or by diploid cells surrounding the embryo like nucellus as in citrus fruits. This type of condition found in citrus plants.

Development of seedless of fruits without fertilisation is called Parthenocarpy. Parthenocarpy can be induced artificially by application of growth regulators.

Placenta is located inside the ovarian cavity. It help in transport of nutrient to megasporangium or ovule. Ovule is attached to placenta by means of stalk called funicle.

Female gametophyte is also known as embryo sac. One out of four megaspores develops as female gametophyte. Mature embryo sac is 8 nucleated and 7 celled structure.