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Biodiversity and Conservation Test - 23

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Biodiversity and Conservation Test - 23
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Select the incorrect statement.
    Solution
    • Species diversity is the variety in the number and richness of the species of a region. 
    • Tropical rain forests in the equatorial regions and coral reefs have fragile environment and vulnerable habitats. 
    • They also have the maximum biodiversity despite having little seasonal changes in the temperature and moisture. 
    • Very harsh conditions e.g., polar regions, results in reduction in biodiversity.
    • Dodo, passenger pigeon and Steller's sea cow have become extinct in the last 500 years due to overexploitation by humans.
    • Lantana, Eichhornia and Parthenium are all exotic species, which had been introduced in India.
    • The Convention on Biological Diversity, was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on June 5, 1992.
    •  Among animals, the most species rich taxonomic group is class Insecta.

    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    The greatest threat to genetic diversity in agricultural crops is
    Solution
    • Genetic diversity is the diversity in the number and types of genes present in different species and variations in the genes of the same species. 
    • The greatest threat to genetic diversity in agricultural crops is introduction of high yielding varieties. 
    • High yielding varieties contains the required traits and therefore are always bred purely. This reduces the genetic diversity within a particular species.
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Introduction of high yielding varieties.'
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Virus-free clones are obtained from
    Solution
    Shoot tip culture is the culture of terminal part of shoot to a plant in in-vitro condition or in lab called as shoot tip culture. Mostly the shoot tip culture used for obtain disease free plant without genetically changes. The plant which affected by any contaminant mostly by viruses have saved by shoot tip culture, because shoot tip of any affected plant is less or free from contamination (viruses, bacteria, fungus). 
    Other cause of use to shoot tip culture is plant shoot tip are more efficient to cultivation or differentiation in-vitro, because cells of them newly generated and healthy comparison to other parts.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The genome of an extinct species can be preserved in
    Solution
    Extinction of a particular animal or plant species occurs when there are no more individuals of that species alive anywhere in the world - the species has died out. When it does not exist at all , preserving it also not possible.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Genetic erosion is due to
    Solution
    Genetic erosion is a process whereby an already limited gene pool of an endangered species of plant or animal diminishes even more when individuals from the surviving population die off without getting a chance to meet and breed with others in their endangered low population. Low genetic diversity in a population of wild animals and plants leads to a further diminishing gene pool, inbreeding and a weakening immune system and fast tracks that species towards eventual extinction. 
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Wild varieties of plants must be conserved to
    Solution
    Wild varieties of plants must be conserved because they are of utmost value to plant breeders for producing improved and favourable varieties of plants by selecting useful genes from a wide range of their wild relatives. In other words, new and improved varieties of crops are derived from their wild relatives by genetic modification. Useful traits are like high yielding, disease resistant, stress resistant etc.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Maximum genetic diversity of crop plants occurs where agriculture is
    Solution
    Advanced Agriculture is using biotechnology to obtain better methods in agricultural practices. This includes-
    (i) Genetically modified organisms: Plants, bacteria, fungi or animals whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called GMO. If the gene is altered in a crop plant it is called GM crop. 
    (ii) Pest-resistant plant: By RNA interference technique plants can be made to resist infestation of a nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Using Agrobacterium vector nematode-specific genes are introduced into host plant and silencing of Specific mRNA of the nematode is done. 
    (iv) Production of interspecific hybrids by somatic hybridization.
    (v) Tailor-made predators, pathogens of pests are created to control infestation by pests. 
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Ex situ conservation is carried out through
    Solution
    The conservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats is ex-situ conservation. Ex-situ (off site) conservation is a set of conservation techniques involving the transfer of a target species away from its native habitat. Ex-situ techniques include: seed storage, captive breeding, slow-growth storage, DNA storage. The main purposes of ex-situ collections are the rescue and preservation of threatened genetic material and the breeding of species for reintroduction in cases where a species continued survival in its native habitat is threatened.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    A place where genetic material of endangered plant is kept is 

    Solution
    • Gene banks are helping to preserve endangered species by storing the biological and genetic material of animals that are under threat of extinction. 
    • Preserving species in their natural habit is the top priority, but gene banks are useful in two important ways:  
    1) Scientists can study DNA samples to find out how genetic information could be relevant to animal survival and 
    2) Use the preserved material to clone animals and 'bring a species back to life.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Germplasm is present in
    Solution
    Germplasm is a living tissue from which new plants can be grown. It can be a seed or another plant part like a leaf, a piece of stem, pollen or even just a few cells that can be turned into a whole plant. Germplasm contains the information for a species genetic makeup, a valuable natural resource of plant diversity. 
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