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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 58

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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 58
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following proved effective for biological control of nematodal diseases in plants?
    Solution
    Correct option: D
    Explanation for incorrect option:

    • Some of the nematodes are human, animal, and plant pathogens. Paecilomyces lilacinus is a naturally occurring fungus found in soils throughout the world. 
    • As a pesticide active ingredient, Paecilomyces lilacinus applied to soil to control nematodes that attack plant roots. 
    • The fungus attacks the nematode through hyphal penetration.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following helps in absorption of phosphorus from soil by plants?
    Solution
    A) Correct option- B
    B) Explanation of correct option 

    • Glomus helps in the absorption of phosphorus from the soil by plants. It is an arbuscular mycorrhiza. Phosphorus is a major nutrient required for the growth of plants.
    • Anabaena is a genus of nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae, with beadlike or barrel-like cells and interspersed enlarged spores (heterocysts), found as plankton in shallow water and on moist soil. There are both solitary and colonial forms, the latter resembling a closely related genus, Nostoc. In temperate latitudes during the summer months, Anabaena may form water blooms.
    • Rhizobia are soil bacteria that fix nitrogen after becoming established inside root nodules of legumes. In order to express genes for nitrogen fixation, rhizobia require a plant host; they cannot independently fix nitrogen.
    • Frankia is a genus of nitrogen-fixing, filamentous bacteria that live in symbiosis with actinorhizal plants, similar to the rhizobia bacteria that are found in the root nodules of legumes in the Fabaceae family.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    A common biocontrol agent for the control of plant diseases is
    Solution
    Correction option: A

    Explanation for correction option: 

    • Trichoderma is a genus of imperfect fungi that produce toxins that inhibit the growth of other fungi and thus protects the plant from fungal diseases.
    • As it is a living organism used to control diseases, called a biocontrol agent.

  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    What is essential to be a good green manure plant?
    Solution
    Green manures are prepared by the biodegradation of natural substances by the action of bacteria. This organic matter level keeps nutrients from leaching down beyond the reach of crops, provides food for microbial soil life, helps legumes fix nitrogen in their root nodules and helps the soil produce good structure and maintain the air-pore spaces essential to good crop health.
     A good green manure plant should-
    1. Grow quickly
    2. Be rich in nitrogen
    3. Be protective against erosion and leaching.
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Ectomycorrhizae can be traced on the roots of
    Solution
    An ectomycorrhiza is a form of symbiotic relationship that occurs between a fungal symbiont and the surface roots of various plant species. Ectomycorrhizal fungi do not penetrate their host’s cell walls. Instead, they form an entirely intercellular interface. This consists of highly branched hyphae forming a latticework between epidermal and cortical root cells. Ectomycorrhizae can be traced to the roots of trees like pine and oak.
    Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Most of eubacterial antibiotics are obtained from
    Solution
    The most current antibiotics available are from the prokaryotes that include the Bacillus and Streptomyces. For example, the antibiotic gramicidin is obtained from the six antibiotic compounds and the six antibiotics related to the Bacillus species. Streptomyces accounts to nearly one-third of the antibiotics available right now. the antibiotics include antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic. Rhizobium is also used in antibiotic production but it has failed in the symbiotic performance. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Terramycin is obtained from
    Solution
    Terramycin is a brand of tetracycline antibiotic. It is widely prescribed by doctors for a number of illnesses and conditions.
    Terramycin is an antibiotic derived from Streptomyces rimosus, a new species of actinomycete isolated from a soil sample by Finlay and his associates. 
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The most common biofertilizer for rice crop is
    Solution
    Biofertilizers are substances which are either living microorganisms or made from one which, are applied to the plant surfaces, or soil. These colonize the rhizosphere and helps to increase the availability of primary nutrients to the host plant, thereby promoting growth. The bio-fertilizers add nutrients to the soil through nitrogen fixation and increases phosphorous content by 25%. In rice fields, Azolla with its nitrogen-fixing capability is widely used as a biofertiliser. The flooded rice fields are inoculated with Azolla which helps to suppress the weeds.
    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Ecological suicide is forced to rice moth, Corcyra cepalonica by a compound extracted from
    Solution
    Ecological suicide is forced to rice moth Corcyra cepalonica by a compound extracted from Eicrhornia crassipes.
    The prothoracic gland of insects secretes moulting hormones or ecdysone, which is responsible for moulting, pupation and maturation of insects. This hormone can be used to bring the insect in developing conditions during wrong seasons thus, forcing them to commit ecological suicide. One such compound has recently been isolated from Eicchornia crassipes by scientists of 'Regional Research Laboratory', Hyderabad, which is very effective against the rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica.
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Blue green algae are mainly used as biofertilizers in the field of which crop?
    Solution
    Biofertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes of nitrogen fixation, solubilizing phosphorus, and stimulating plant growth through the synthesis of growth-promoting substances. Blue-green algae such as Nostoc or Anabaena or Tolypothrix or Aulosira, fix atmospheric nitrogen and are used as inoculations for paddy crop grown both under upland and lowland conditions.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
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